{"id":226,"date":"2011-05-22T12:06:34","date_gmt":"2011-05-22T11:06:34","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/tounesaf.org\/?p=226"},"modified":"2016-08-15T22:22:27","modified_gmt":"2016-08-15T21:22:27","slug":"%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a8%d8%ad%d8%ab-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%b5%d8%ad%d9%91%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b9%d8%a7%d8%af%d9%84%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b3%d9%91%d8%a7%d8%a6%d8%af%d8%a9-%d8%a8%d9%8a%d9%86-%d8%a7%d9%84","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tounesaf.org\/?p=226","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0635\u062d\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u0627\u0633\u064a"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/tounesaf.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/05\/dostour.jpg\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-1060\" title=\"dostour\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/tounesaf.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/05\/dostour.jpg?resize=106%2C150\" alt=\"\" width=\"106\" height=\"150\" \/><\/a>\u0625\u0646\u0651\u0647 \u0644\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0651\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0624\u062f\u0651\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u062c\u0630\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0651\u0636 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\u0631\u0626\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0627\u061f<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0644\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u0645\u0643\u0651\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0624\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0627\u0651 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0639\u0631\u0651\u0641\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0648\u0651\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0651\u0629 \u0633\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0648 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0632\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u0639\u0631\u0651\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0644\u00a0\u00a0\u0648 \u062c\u0648\u0646 \u062c\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n<p>\u00ab\u00a0\u00a0<em>Le r\u00e9gime pr\u00e9sidentiel est le r\u00e9gime qui fait une application stricte de la s\u00e9paration des pouvoirs, selon laquelle les pouvoirs publics s\u2019absorbent dans leur fonction respective et sont autonomes.\u00a0En d\u2019autres termes, \u00e0 une sp\u00e9cialisation fonctionnelle correspond une irr\u00e9vocabilit\u00e9 mutuelle.<\/em>\u00bb<a>[1]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u060c \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0626\u0627\u0633\u064a \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u064a\u0646 : \u0623\u0648\u0651\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0651\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 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\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 (\u00a0I\u00a0) \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u064a\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0651\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0625 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0622\u062e\u0631 (\u00a0II\u00a0).<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>I\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong><strong>. \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 14 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0641\u064a 2011 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0631\u0626\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0651\u0647 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a(\u00a0<em>Le principe de la sp\u00e9cialisation fonctionnelle<\/em>)\u00a0\u00a0\u0623\u0646\u00a0\u062a\u0633\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631\u00a0\u0643\u0644 \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0651 \u062a\u062f\u062e\u0651\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648 \u064a\u062a\u0631\u062a\u0651\u0628 \u0639\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627\u060c \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0643\u0644\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0627 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\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u00a0(<em>Le droit de gr\u00e2ce<\/em>)\u00a0\u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649.<\/p>\n<p><a>[4]<\/a>\u00a0\u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u0643\u0651\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0631\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0634\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0647:<\/p>\n<p>\u00ab\u00a0<em>Paradoxalement, et contrairement \u00e0 la tendance actuelle de marginalisation des Parlements, le Congr\u00e8s\u00a0\u00a0para\u00eet l\u2019institution la plus forte dans un r\u00e9gime dont le nom fait croire que l\u2019ex\u00e9cutif y est pr\u00e9\u00e9minent.<\/em>\u00a0\u00a0<em>Il n\u2019y a plus parlementaire que le r\u00e9gime pr\u00e9sidentiel am\u00e9ricain. En effet, le congr\u00e8s reste le d\u00e9tenteur du pouvoir l\u00e9gislatif dans sa pl\u00e9nitude<\/em>\u00a0\u00bb,\u00a0BEN ACHOUR (Rafa\u00e2),\u00a0\u00ab\u00a0Constitutions et institutions \u00bb, in\u00a0<em>La Constitution aujourd\u2019hui<\/em>, recueil de cours de l\u2019A.I.D.C., volume XV, 2006, p.59.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a.\u00a0[5]<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u0651\u0649&#8221;\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0651\u0629&#8221; \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0646\u0642\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0631\u0651\u062e \u0641\u064a 9 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646 1981.\u00a0[6]<\/p>\n<p><a>[7]<\/a>\u0643\u0627\u0646 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\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a.\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639:<\/p>\n<p>CARRE\u00a0\u00a0DE\u00a0\u00a0MALBERG (Raymond),\u00a0\u00ab\u00a0Consid\u00e9rations th\u00e9oriques sur la question de la combinaison du r\u00e9f\u00e9rendum avec le parlementarisme\u00a0\u00bb,\u00a0<em>Revue de Droit Public et de la Science Politique<\/em>, 1931, pp.224-225.<\/p>\n<p>\u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627:<\/p>\n<p>BEN HAMMED (Mohamed-Ridha),\u00a0<em>Le pouvoir ex\u00e9cutif dans les pays du Maghreb\u00a0: \u00e9tude comparative<\/em>, Th\u00e8se de doctorat d\u2019Etat en droit, facult\u00e9 de droit et des sciences politiques et \u00e9conomiques de Tunis, 1996-1997, pp.80-81.<\/p>\n<p>\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643:<\/p>\n<p>BOUONY (Lazhar),\u00a0\u00ab\u00a0R\u00e9flexions sur l\u2019introduction de la technique r\u00e9f\u00e9rendaire en droit constitutionnel tunisien\u00a0\u00bb,\u00a0<em>m\u00e9langes Ahmed Ben Salem, Revue Tunisienne de Droit<\/em>, 1979, II, p.117, note 42.<\/p>\n<p><a>[10]<\/a>\u00a0\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639:<\/p>\n<p>BEN ACHOUR\u00a0(Rafa\u00e2),\u00a0\u00ab\u00a0 La Constitution tunisienne Cinquante ans apr\u00e8s\u00a0: constantes et mutations\u00a0\u00bb,\u00a0In\u00a0<em>Les\u00a0Constitutions\u00a0tunisienne et fran\u00e7aise cinquante ans apr\u00e8s:\u00a0constantes et mutations<\/em>,<em>\u00a0Colloque<\/em>\u00a0de\u00a0<em>Kairouan<\/em>, 16 et 17 avril 2009. (A para\u00eetre chez Bruylant).<\/p>\n<p>CHAABANE\u00a0(Sadok), \u00ab\u00a0Le syst\u00e8me constitutionnel tunisien \u00e0 travers la r\u00e9forme de 1976\u00a0\u00bb,\u00a0<em>A.A.N.,<\/em>\u00a01977, pp. 311-343.<\/p>\n<p>DABBABI (Khaled),\u00a0<em>Les pouvoirs du pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique tunisienne d\u2019une r\u00e9vision constitutionnelle \u00e0 une autre,<\/em>\u00a0M\u00e9moire pour l\u2019obtention du mast\u00e8re en sciences juridiques fondamentales,\u00a0Facult\u00e9 des sciences juridiques, politiques et sociales de Tunis, 2009-2010, pp.17-76.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a>[11]<\/a>\u00a0\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639: \u0631\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0634\u0648\u0631\u060c<em>\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a<\/em>\u00a0<em>\u0628\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 ( \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a- \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a)<\/em>\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u060c\u00a02000\u060c \u0635\u0635.203-229.<\/p>\n<p>\u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627:<\/p>\n<p>DRIDI-KRAIEM (Mouna),\u00a0\u00ab\u00a0Le pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique tunisienne d\u2019une r\u00e9forme \u00e0 l\u2019autre\u00a0\u00bb, in\u00a0<em>Les\u00a0Constitutions\u00a0tunisienne et<\/em>\u00a0<em>fran\u00e7aise cinquante ans apr\u00e8s :\u00a0constantes et mutations,Colloque\u00a0<\/em>de<em>\u00a0Kairouan,\u00a0<\/em>16 et 17 avril 2009. 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